Kauli Za ‘Ulamaa Kuhusu Hadiyth Za Mama Wa Waumini
Zinazohusiana na Swiyaam Za Siku 9 Dhul-Hijjah
SWALI:
Assalamu alykum,
Sifa njema anastahiki Allah Muumba wa viumbe, na Rehma na Amani zimwendee Nabiy Swalla Allaahu alayhi wa sallam.
Tunashukuru kwa mwanga mkubwa mnaotupa kuhusiana na mabo ya dini. Katika kupitapita nimekutana na hadithi zifuatazo juu ya kufunga hizi siku 10 za Dhul Hijja nikakanganyikiwa kidogo. Mana kwa mijibu ya hadithi ilpokelewa na Muslim alosimulia Bi Aisha, kwa nilivyoifahamu mimi ni kuwa Nabiy hakuwahi kufunga hizi siku 10 za Dhul Hijja, kama inavyoonekana kama nilivyoinukuu kwa kingereza:
"I never saw the Messenger, peace be upon him, fast the ten days." [Muslim]
-Fasting on all these days, however, is not a Wajib (compulsory), nor is it a constant Sunnah that the Messenger, peace be upon him, never dropped. ‘A’ishah said:
"I never saw the Messenger, peace be upon him, fast the ten days." [Muslim]
Lakini hizi Hadithi nyinginezo zinaonyesha kuwa ni vyema kufunga hizi siku za Dhul Hijja isipokuwa siku ya kuchinja.
-Abu Hurairah relates that the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said, "There are no days more loved to Allah for you to worship Him therein than the ten days of Dhul Hijjah. Fasting any day during it is equivalent to fasting one year and to offer salatul tahajjud (late-night prayer) during one of its nights is like performing the late night prayer on the night of power. [i.e., Lailatul Qadr]." [This is related by at-Tirmidhi, Ibn Majah, and al-Baihaqi]
-One of the wives of the Prophet, peace be upon him, said: "Allah’s Messenger used to fast the (first) nine days of Dhul Hijjah, the day of ‘Ashura’, and three days of each month. [Sahih Sunan Abi Dawud 2129]
-Hafsah reported, "There are four things that the Messenger (peace be upon him) never abandoned: fasting the day of 'Ashura, fasting the [first] 10 [days of Dhul-Hijjah], fasting 3 days of every month and praying two Rak'ah before the dawn prayer." [This is related by Ahmad and an-Nasa'i]
Nilikuwa naomba msaada katika ufafanuzi wa hili jambo, twatakiwa kufunga hizo siku 9? au ni hiyo siku ya Arafah tu?
JIBU:
AlhamduliLLaah Himidi Anastahiki Allaah (Subhaanahu wa Ta’aala) Rabb wa walimwengu, Swalaah na salamu zimshukie Nabiy Muhammad (Swalla Allaahu 'alayhi wa aalihi wa sallam) na Swahaba zake (Radhwiya Allaahu 'anhum) na waliowafuata kwa wema mpaka Siku ya Mwisho.
Kuhusu Hadiyth hizo mbili; Hadiyth ya Mama wa Waumini 'Aaishah (Radhwiya Allaahu 'anhaa) anayosema hakumuona Nabiy (Swalla Allaahu 'alayhi wa aalihi wa sallam) kufunga masiku hayo yote, na Hadiyth inayosema kuwa mmoja wa wake za Nabiy (Swalla Allaahu 'alayhi wa aalihi wa sallam) ikikusudiwa Mama wa Waumini Hafswah (Radhwiya Allaahu 'anhaa) kasimulia kuwa Nabiy (Swalla Allaahu 'alayhi wa aalihi wa sallam) alikuwa akifunga masiku hayo tisa, ‘Ulamaa wamefafanua kuhusu Hadiyth hizo mbili. Hadiyth ya Mama wa Waumini 'Aaishah (Radhwiya Allaahu 'anhaa) ni sahihi kabisa, na Hadiyth Mama wa Waumini Hafswah (Radhwiya Allaahu 'anhaa) pamoja na kuwa kuna baadhi ya ‘Ulamaa wameona ni sahihi, lakini wengi wameona ina udhaifu.
‘Ulamaa wanasema kuwa Nabiy (Swalla Allaahu 'alayhi wa aalihi wa sallam) asingefunga masiku hayo bila Mama wa Waumini 'Aaishah (Radhwiya Allaahu 'anhaa) kufahamu, kwani Nabiy (Swalla Allaahu 'alayhi wa aalihi wa sallam) alikuwa akikaa kwa Mama wa Waumini 'Aaishah (Radhwiya Allaahu 'anhaa) katika masiku mawili ya kila siku tisa, kwa kuwa mke mwengine wa Nabiy (Swalla Allaahu 'alayhi wa aalihi wa sallam) ambaye ni Mama wa Waumini Sawdah (Radhwiya Allaahu 'anhaa) alimpa Mama wa Waumini 'Aaishah (Radhwiya Allaahu 'anhaa) siku ya zamu yake na Nabiy (Swalla Allaahu 'alayhi wa aalihi wa sallam) aliridhia hilo na hivyo Mama wa Waumini 'Aaishah (Radhwiya Allaahu 'anhaa) alikuwa na siku za ziada za zamu za kukaa na Nabiy (Swalla Allaahu 'alayhi wa aalihi wa sallam) kuliko Mama wa Waumini Hafswah na wake wengine. Kwa hali hiyo, Mama wa Waumini 'Aaishah (Radhwiya Allaahu 'anhaa) angelifahamu ikiwa Nabiy (Swalla Allaahu 'alayhi wa aalihi wa sallam) anafunga masiku hayo. Hivyo, Hadiyth ya Mama wa Waumini 'Aaishah (Radhwiya Allaahu 'anhaa) ni sahihi na yenye nguvu zaidi.
Hata hivyo, pamoja na kuwa Nabiy (Swalla Allaahu 'alayhi wa aalihi wa sallam) hakufunga masiku hayo tisa yote, haiashirii kuwa hakupendezewi kufunga masiku hayo japo si jambo lililosisitizwa. Isipokuwa tunajua kuwa, kutokana na Hadiyth ya Ibn 'Abbaas (Radhwiya Allaahu 'anhumaa) yenye kuonyesha kuwa kuna fadhila nyingi na kubwa za kufanya matendo mema katika masiku kumi ya Dhul-Hijjah na Swawm ni katika matendo mema. Hivyo, kufunga katika masiku hayo ni katika 'amali nzuri ambayo vilevile mtu anaweza kufanya na kuchuma malipo zaidi.
Kwa ujumla, ukiweza kufunga ni jambo zuri na kuna malipo mengi, usipoweza si lazima isipokuwa ni vizuri usikose siku ya tisa ambayo fadhila zake kubwa ziko wazi katika Hadiyth ya kufunga Swawm ya 'Arafah kama ifuatavyo:
Abuu Qataadah (Radhwiya Allaahu 'anhu) amehadithia kwamba Rasuli wa Allaah (Swalla Allaahu 'alayhi wa aalihi wa sallam) amesema: ((Swawm ya 'Arafah nataraji (kwa Allaah) kufuta madhambi ya mwaka uliopita na wa baada yake)) [Muslim]
Na Allaah Anajua zaidi